Bibliography: Specific energy consumption models

Bibliography: Specific Energy Consumption Models

Specific Energy Consumption is the most common way of describing how much energy is used by grinding, and is the basis of the throughput estimations in SAGMILLING.COM. It is usually expressed as kWh/t (kilowatt-hours per tonne).

Models of this type assume a standard particle size distribution and use a single position on that particle size distribution to characterize the entire curve. The most common way to express this is the 80% passing size, which can be expressed as F₈₀ (feed stream 80% passing size), P₈₀ (product stream 80% passing size), or K₈₀ (generic stream 80% passing size.

Bond/Barratt Model Bibliography

1. Bond, Fred C, The Third Theory, Transactions AIME, May 1952, Pages 484 - 494 [1]
2. Rowland, Chester A, Bond's Method for Selection of Ball Mills, Advances in Comminution, ed. S. K. Kawatra, SME 2006, Pages 385 - 397
   1. EF factor formulae are taken from Rowland, Chester A, Selection of Rod Mills, Ball Mills and Regrind Mills, Mineral Processing Plant Design, Practice & Control, SME 2002, Pages 710-754.
3. Barratt, Derek J, Semi-autogenous grinding: a comparison with the conventional route, CIM Bulletin, Nov 1979, Pages 74 - 80. [2]
4. Barratt, Derek J, An Update on Testing, Scale-up and Sizing Equipment for Autogenous and Semi-autogenous Grinding Circuits, Proceedings of the SAG 1989 Conference, Vancouver, Canada, Pages 25 - 46,

SMC Model Bibliography

1. Morell, Stephen, An alternative energy—size relationship to that proposed by Bond for the design and optmisation of grinding circuits, International Journal of Mineral Processing, Vol 74 (2004), Pages 133 - 141
2. smctesting.com, Using the SMC® Test to Predict Comminution Circuit Performance, Published to the Internet

Starkey SAGDesign Model Bibliography

1. Starkey, John H; Meadows, David; Senchenko, Arkady; & Thompson, Phillip, SAGDesign Testing Review - Case Studies, 24^th International Mineral Processing Conference, Bejing 2008, [[3]]

Amelunxen SGI Method

The generic SAG Grindability Index (SGI) and specific energy formula published by Aminpro:

1. Amelunxen, P., Berrios, P. & Rodriguez, E.; The SAG grindability index test, Minerals Engineering 55 (2014) Pg 42-51.
2. Becerra, M. & Amelunxen, P.; A comparative analysis of grinding circuit design methodologies, Procemin 2012, Santiago, Chile.

SPI/Minnovex Method

The following describe the original CEET power-model methodology:

1. Starkey, J.; Dobby, G.; Kosick, G., A New Tool for SAG Hardness Testing; AGM of the Canadian Mineral Processors, 1994
2. Kosick, G. & Bennett, C., The Value of Orebody Power Requirement Profiles for SAG Circuit Design; AGM of the Canadian Mineral Processors, 1999
3. Custer, S.; Garretson, P.; McMullen, J.; Bennett, C.; Dobby, G.; Application of CEET at Barrick's Goldstrike Operation; AGM of the Canadian Mineral Processors, 2001.
4. Bennett, C., Dobby, G. & Kosick, G., Benchmarking and Orebody Profiling - The Keys to Effective Production Forecasting and SAG Circuit Optimization; SAG 2001 Conference, Vancouver, Canada.

The following describe the newer CEET2 population-balance methodology:

1. Dobby, G.; Bennett, C.; Kosick, G.; Advances in SAG Circuit Design and Simulation Applied to the Mine Block Model; SAG 2001 Conference, Vancouver, Canada.

Bibliography of Other Useful Documents

1. Hukki, R. T., Proposal for a Solomonic Settlement Between the Theories of Von Rittinger, Kick and Bond, Transactions AIME, Vol 223, 1962, Pages 403 - 408 [[4]]
2. Taggart, A. F., Handbook of Mineral Dressing, Wiley Engineering Handbook Series, original 1927, republished 1945, 1948, 1950, 1953
3. Lynch, A. J. and Rowland, C. A, The History of Grinding, SME, 2005
4. ed. Kawatra, S. K., Advances in Comminution, SME, 2006
5. Vanderbeek, J., Grinding circuit evolution at Chino Mines Company, Proceedings of the SAG 1996 Conference, Vancouver, Canada.
6. Bird, D.S., Heig, R.A., Harper, R.W. and Berges, A.M., Kennecott's Copperton Concentrator Fourth Line Expansion, Plant Performance to Date and Ongoing Continuous Improvement Projects, Proceedings of the SAG 1996 Conference, Vancouver, Canada.

Vanderbeek (1996) describes the effect of pebble crushing and SABC-AB operation as reducing the Esag between 10% and 35% at Chino, but at a cost of coarser ball mill product.

Bird et al. (1996) describes the effect of pebble crushing operation at Kennecott as increasing throughput by 10% to 15%.