Difference between revisions of "Bibliography: Benchmarking"
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| − | [[Category:Bibliography]] |
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| − | [[Category:Models]] |
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| − | [[Category: Benchmarking]] |
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| − | ==Bibliography: Benchmarking of models== |
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| − | The following list of references show data useful for benchmarking against the different models. |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Benchmarking: Circuit Specific Energy Consumption - Bond/Barratt== |
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| − | * ''Magnuson, R.; Hallow, J.; Mosher, J.; Major, K.'', '''The Fort Knox Mill: Design, Commissioning and Operation'''. Proceedings of the SAG 2001 Conference, Vancouver, Canada. |
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| − | |||
| − | Result for default model conditions: |
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| − | {| class="wikitable" border="1" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | ! |
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| − | ! E<sub>total</sub> |
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| − | ! Wi<sub>O</sub> |
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| − | ! |
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| − | ! Tonnage |
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| − | ! |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Model |
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| − | | 11.95 |
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| − | | 16.60 |
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| − | | kWh/t |
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| − | | 1,522 |
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| − | | t/h |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Measured |
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| − | | 10.50 |
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| − | | 13.97 |
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| − | | kWh/t |
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| − | | 1,733 |
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| − | | t/h |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Difference |
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| − | | 1.45 |
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| − | | 2.63 |
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| − | | kWh/t |
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| − | | 211 |
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| − | | t/h |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Difference |
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| − | | 12.9% |
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| − | | 17.2% |
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| − | | |
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| − | | 12.9% |
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| − | | |
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| − | |} |
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| − | |||
| − | [[Benchmarking: Bond - Fort Knox|Show details of benchmarking]] |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Benchmarking: Circuit Specific Energy Consumption - Bond/Barratt== |
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| − | |||
| − | * ''Morrison, R.'', '''Current Plant Conditions at Copper Mountain'''. Presentation to the BC/Yukon Branch Canadian Mineral Processors, November 29, 2012; Vancouver, Canada. |
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| − | |||
| − | Result for default model conditions: |
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| − | {| class="wikitable" border="1" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | ! |
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| − | ! Tonnage |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Model |
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| − | | 1455 t/h |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Measured |
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| − | | 1600 t/h |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Difference |
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| − | | 145 t/h |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Difference |
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| − | | 9.5% |
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| − | |} |
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| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | [[Benchmarking: Bond - Copper Mountain|Show details of benchmarking]] |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Benchmarking: SAG Mill Power Draw - Fimiston== |
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| − | |||
| − | * ''Nelson, M; Valery, W; Morrell, S'', '''Performance Characteristics and Optimisation of the Fimiston (KCGM) SAG Mill Circuit''', Page 233 - 248, SAG 1996 Conference, Vancouver, Canada. |
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| − | |||
| − | {| class="wikitable" border="1" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | ! Survey |
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| − | ! Survey Power,<br>kW at input |
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| − | ! Mill speed,<br>%critical |
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| − | ! Ball load,<br>%v/v |
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| − | ! Total load,<br>%v/v |
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| − | ! Pulp %solids,<br>w/w |
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| − | ! Morrell SAG Model,<br>kW at input / ''shell'' |
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| − | ! Loveday/Baratt Model,<br>kW at input / ''shell'' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 1 |
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| − | | '''9,255''' |
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| − | | 72.5 |
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| − | | 13 |
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| − | | 21.6 |
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| − | | 65.9 |
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| − | | '''9,268''' / ''8,764'' |
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| − | | '''10,372''' / ''9,808'' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 2 |
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| − | | '''10,374''' |
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| − | | 77 |
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| − | | 13 |
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| − | | 25.2 |
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| − | | 63.3 |
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| − | | '''10,481''' / ''9,911'' |
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| − | | '''11,238''' / ''10,636'' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 3 |
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| − | | '''8,395''' |
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| − | | 75 |
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| − | | 15 |
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| − | | 16.1 |
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| − | | 70 |
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| − | | '''9,193''' / ''8,693'' |
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| − | | '''10,818''' / ''10,230'' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 4 |
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| − | | '''8,299''' |
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| − | | 78 |
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| − | | 11.5 |
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| − | | 13.5 |
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| − | | 60 |
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| − | | '''7,766''' / ''7,344'' |
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| − | | '' can't do '' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 5 |
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| − | | '''10,976''' |
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| − | | 80 |
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| − | | 11.5 |
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| − | | 22.2 |
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| − | | 60 |
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| − | | '''9,877''' / ''9,340'' |
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| − | | '''10,322''' / ''9,760'' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 6 |
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| − | | '''8,616''' |
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| − | | 74 |
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| − | | 11.5 |
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| − | | 13.6 |
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| − | | 63 |
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| − | | '''7,394''' / ''6,992'' |
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| − | | '' can't do '' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 7 |
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| − | | '''11,684''' |
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| − | | 82 |
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| − | | 14 |
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| − | | 20 |
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| − | | 75 |
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| − | | '''10,782''' / ''10,195'' |
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| − | | '''11,037''' / ''10,437'' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 8 |
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| − | | '''11,610''' |
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| − | | 78 |
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| − | | 13 |
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| − | | 28.6 |
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| − | | 75 |
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| − | | '''11,415''' / ''10,794'' |
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| − | | '''11,125''' / ''10,520'' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 9 |
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| − | | '''11,571''' |
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| − | | 78 |
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| − | | 13 |
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| − | | 25.8 |
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| − | | 75 |
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| − | | '''10,990''' / ''10,392'' |
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| − | | '''11,668''' / ''11,033'' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 10 |
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| − | | '''9,408''' |
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| − | | 80 |
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| − | | 12 |
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| − | | 19 |
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| − | | 75 |
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| − | | '''9,655''' / ''9,130'' |
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| − | | '''10,309''' / ''9,749'' |
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| − | |} |
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| − | |||
| − | * The overall average difference between the Morrell model motor input predictions and the measurements are -3.4%, and range from -15.3% to +9.1%. |
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| − | *The overall average difference between the Loveday/Barratt model motor input predictions and the measurements are +4.8%, and range from -6.1% to +25.2%. |
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| − | |||
| − | [[Benchmarking: Fimiston SAG|See details of benchmarking]] |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Benchmarking: SAG Mill Power Draw - Cadia== |
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| − | * ''Radziszewski, P.; Valery, W'', '''Cadia SAG Mill Simulated Charge Behaviour''', Annual General Meeting of the Canadian Mineral Processors, Ottawa, 1999. |
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| − | |||
| − | {| class="wikitable" border="1" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | ! Survey |
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| − | ! Survey Power,<br>kW at shell |
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| − | ! Mill speed,<br>%critical |
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| − | ! Ball load,<br>%v/v |
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| − | ! Total load,<br>%v/v |
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| − | ! Morrell SAG Model,<br>kW at shell |
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| − | ! Loveday/Baratt Model,<br>kW at shell |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 1 |
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| − | | 11,189 |
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| − | | 79 |
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| − | | 0 |
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| − | | 28.8 |
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| − | | 11,868 |
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| − | | 12,126 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 2 |
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| − | | 10,321 |
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| − | | 79 |
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| − | | 0 |
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| − | | 28.5 |
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| − | | 11,787 |
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| − | | 12,039 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 3 |
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| − | | 10,824 |
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| − | | 78 |
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| − | | 4 |
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| − | | 25 |
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| − | | 12,762 |
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| − | | 13,390 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 4 |
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| − | | 14,945 |
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| − | | 78 |
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| − | | 4 |
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| − | | 40.7 |
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| − | | 15,806 |
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| − | | 15,096 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 5 |
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| − | | 17,586 |
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| − | | 74 |
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| − | | 12 |
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| − | | 31.6 |
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| − | | 17,351 |
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| − | | 18,216 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 6 |
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| − | | 17,963 |
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| − | | 78 |
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| − | | 12 |
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| − | | 26.1 |
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| − | | 17,298 |
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| − | | 18,505 |
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| − | |} |
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| − | |||
| − | * Morrell model predicts, on average, 6% high. |
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| − | * Loveday/Barratt model predicts, on average, 9% high. |
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| − | |||
| − | [[Benchmarking: Cadia SAG mill|See details of benchmarking]] |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Benchmarking: SAG Mill Power Draw - Cadia== |
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| − | * ''Boghey, A.; Svalbonas, V.; Jones, S.M.'', '''Supply, Installation & Commissioning of the World's Largest Grinding Mill''', Annual General Meeting of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME), 2000. |
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| − | |||
| − | Mill filling level 33% v/v. Ball charge not measured, but expected to be in 12% to 13% v/v range. Ore density not indicated, assuming 2.65 kg/L. Ball density given as 7.85 kg/L. |
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| − | |||
| − | Survey conducted during late commissioning, Figure 8 yields: |
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| − | {| class="wikitable" border="1" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | ! Survey |
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| − | ! Survey Power,<br>kW at shell |
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| − | ! Mill speed,<br>RPM |
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| − | ! Mill speed,<br>%critical |
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| − | ! Morrell SAG Model,<br>kW at shell |
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| − | ! Loveday/Barratt Model,<br>kW at shell |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | 23:30 |
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| − | | 19,300 |
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| − | | 8.99 |
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| − | | 73.7 |
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| − | | 17,148 |
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| − | | 18,233 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | 23:40 |
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| − | | 19,450 |
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| − | | 9.4 |
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| − | | 77.1 |
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| − | | 18,042 |
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| − | | 19,199 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | 23:50 |
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| − | | 19,550 |
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| − | | 9.9 |
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| − | | 81.2 |
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| − | | 19,058 |
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| − | | 19,868 |
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| − | |} |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Benchmarking: Ball Mill Power Draw - Fimiston== |
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| − | * ''Nelson, M; Valery, W; Morrell, S'', '''Performance Characteristics and Optimisation of the Fimiston (KCGM) SAG Mill Circuit''', Page 233 - 248, SAG 1996 Conference, Vancouver, Canada. |
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| − | ** Diameter inside shell = 5.49 m (18 ft) |
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| − | ** Diameter inside liners = 5.35 m (17.5 ft, 3.0 inch effective liner thickness) |
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| − | ** Belly length inside liners (EGL) = 7.60 m (25 ft) |
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| − | ** Centre-line length = 8.76 m |
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| − | ** Top ball size = 80 mm |
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| − | Table 5 presents results of a single ball mill survey. The survey measured motor input power. Drives are assumed to have an efficiency of 0.96 and gearbox+pinion efficiency of 0.970, so the model shell power draw is converted to motor input power by dividing by 0.9312. The predicted power draw of '''Example''' project circuit number 7 (Fimiston) using sample '''MLE''', based on the KCGM paper published by Campbell, J. et al; 1998 AusIMM Annual Conference. |
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| − | |||
| − | {| class="wikitable" border="1" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | ! Survey |
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| − | ! Survey Power,<br>kW at input |
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| − | ! Mill speed,<br>%critical |
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| − | ! Total load,<br>%v/v |
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| − | ! Pulp %solids,<br>w/w |
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| − | ! Morrell SAG Model,<br>kW at input / ''shell'' |
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| − | ! Nordberg Model,<br>kW at input / ''shell'' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | Survey 1 |
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| − | | '''3,864''' |
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| − | | <del>66.7</del> 68.3 <sup>†</sup> |
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| − | | 38.7 |
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| − | | 72.0 |
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| − | | '''3,933''' / ''3,776'' |
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| − | | '''3,592''' / ''3,345'' |
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| − | |} |
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| − | <sup>†</sup> The appendix of the paper lists the mill speed as 12.5 RPM. The mill is fixed speed, so the %critical speed is only a function of mill effective diameter (as liners wear). Doing the math (neglecting the balls) gives a 68.3% critical speed. |
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| − | The ball mill belly length can be achieved with a 18 degree head angle and 1.9 m trunnion diameter. |
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| − | ==Historic & Other Interesting Benchmarking== |
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| − | # ''Myers, J.F., Michaelson, S.D., Bond, F.C.'', '''Rod Milling—Plant and Laboratory Data''', Technical Publication No. 2175, American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, 1947. [http://www.onemine.org/search/summary.cfm/Rod-MillingPlant-And-Laboratory-Data?d=655D010DD9E32C42324054B43931E04C552207CAB9653233F0AC73A4C8F07C4928898&fullText=Myers%20Michaelson%20Bond] |
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